Frost Bite

>>Overview

• Frostbite is damage caused by extreme cold to skin / tissues 
• At -15C or below,bloodvesselsconstrict to preserve body temperature 
• When this state persists, tissue injury occurs 
• Frost bite usually affects tissues which are distant from the heart 
• It also occurs in tissues that are most exposed to cold 
• The organs that are usually affected are -
  a. Nose,
  b. Ears,
  c. Fingers
  d. Toes 
• Care should be taken to prevent permanenttissuedamage 

   >>Risk Factors

• Diabetes
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Use of beta-blockers

   >>Symptoms

• Skin Discolorations
• Loose skin
• Tingling/burning sensation
• Partial/Complete numbness

In severe cases,

• Drygangrenefollowed by amputation

   >>TreatmentGetmedicalhelpas soon as possible. Meanwhile 

• Wrap the affected area using clean cloth

If no medical help is forthcoming -

• Move the victim to a warm place 
• Treat hypothermia first. Cover the person well 
• Keep the frost-bitten site in warm but not in hot water 
• This should be done till sensations returns 

   >>Steps to Avoid

• Do not rub / massage the affected area 
• Avoid treatment if a second round of cold exposure is anticipated 
• Treatment followed by freezing causes extensive damage 

   >>Prevention

• Avoid -
  a. Extreme cold
  b. Wet clothes
  c. Chilly Wind 
• During coldweather, wear several layers of clothing 
• Wear accessories like-
  a. Mittens, not gloves
  b. Two pairs of socks
  c. Hat / scarves to cover both ears well
• Get enoughfoodand rest
• Avoid alcohol immediately before exposure to cold
• Avoid cotton clothing