What is Anaphylaxis?
Severe, life- threatening allergic reaction
Occurs as a reaction to an allergen
Anaphylaxis releases various chemicals in body
Reactions occur in secs / mins of exposure
Occurs in 30 per 100,000 individuals per year
Causes
Food like nuts, milk, eggs, fish
Insect sting
Latex
Latex
Vaccines
Medications like antibiotics, anesthetics
Some tropical insects, plants, animals
Unknown causes
What happens?
On first exposure-allergen specific antibody, Ig-E, produced
On re-exposure, Ig-E triggers immune response
This immune response is anaphylaxis
Symptoms
Tingling / warm sensation
Itchiness / Rash
Swelling of areas around mouth / throat
Restricted air-ways
Reduced oxygen level in brain
Signs of asthma
Vomiting
Cramps
Diarrhea
Fluid–filled lungs
Low blood pressure
Palpitations / feeling faint
Loss of consciousness
Who is at risk?
Those with history of food allergy
Those with family history of allergies
Those who have experienced prior attack
Treatment
If nauseated, lie down on the side
If feeling faint, lie down, legs raised
In case of breathing difficulty, sit up
First time patients should be hospital treated
Epinephrine injections – effective treatment
Continuous monitoring mandatory
Severity/ response / prior episodes determine treatment
Prevention
Avoid allergens as far as possible
Those at risk should carry adrenalin auto-injector
Inform school authorities, if children at risk
Children should wear food allergy badges
Emergency protocols necessary in schools/ work place
Educating the public is vital
